What is the number one? How can we be sure that 2+2=4? These apparently ssimple questions have perplexed philosophers for thousands of years, but discussion of them was transformed by the German philosopher Gottlob Frege (1848-1925).Frege (pronounced Fray-guh)believed that arithmetic and all mathematics are derived from logic, and to prove this he developed a completely new approach to logic and numbers. Joan Weiner presents a very clear outline ...
Time magazine called Mortimer J. Adler a «philosopher for everyman.» In this guide to considering the big questions, Adler addresses the topics all men and women ponder in the course of life, such as «What is love?», «How do we decide the right thing to do?», and, «What does it mean to be good?» Drawing on his extensive knowledge of Western literature, history, and philosophy, the author considers what is meant by democracy, law, emotion, langua ...
"Philosophy is not a theory," asserted Austro-British philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889–1951), «but an activity.» In this 1921 opus, his only philosophical work published during his lifetime, Wittgenstein defined the object of philosophy as the logical clarification of thoughts and proposed the solution to most philosophic problems by means of a critical method of linguistic analysis. In proclaiming philosophy as a matter of l ...
The second, corrected edition of the first and only complete English translation of Kant's highly influential introduction to philosophy, presenting both the terminological and structural basis for his philosophical system, and offering an invaluable key to his main works, particularly the three Critiques. Extensive editiorial apparatus. ...
"A delightful book … I should like to have written it myself." — Bertrand RussellFirst published in 1936, this first full-length presentation in English of the Logical Positivism of Carnap, Neurath, and others has gone through many printings to become a classic of thought and communication. It not only surveys one of the most important areas of modern thought; it also shows the confusion that arises from imperfect unders ...
One of America’s foremost philosophers, John Dewey (1859-1952) fought for civil and academic freedom, founded the Progressive School movement, and steadfastly promoted a scientific approach to intellectual development.In How We Think, Dewey shares his views on the educator’s role in training students to think well. Basing his assertions on the belief that knowledge is strictly relative to human interaction with the world, he ...
A Course in Miracles can be difficult to understand on first reading as it is written on quite a high intellectual level. It can help to read some introductory material alongside a study of the Course. This series of articles and diagrams is presented with that in mind.<br><br>This eBook begins with some brief, introductory material covering how A Course in Miracles came, what it is and a summary with charts. <br><br>It i ...
Making Arguments: Reason in Context offers a new approach to the teaching of argumentation and debate.<br><br>Nearly all argumentation courses and textbooks tilt toward one of two extremes:<br><br>* Critical thinking/informal logic, in which the "laws" of reasoning are universal and not affected by audience or context<br><br>* Public speaking, in which adaptation to the audience and winning a ...
